Irish Free State And The Irish Civil War

Irish Free State And The Irish Civil War The Irish Civil War lasted from the 28 June 1922 to the 24 May 1923. It was a conflict based between two opposing Irish nationalists. One of which was the Provisional government in which supported the idea of Ireland as a free state, the other side being the Republicans which opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty and wanted Ireland to still be part of the United Kingdom. In the end the war was won by the Free State forces, following under the Provisional government. The results of the civil war left Ireland divided for many decades afterwards and claimed many casualties. One factor which is believed to have been the biggest impact on the uprising of the Irish civil war is the Anglo-Irish Treaty which established Ireland as a Free State. The idea of the treaty arose after the Irish War of Independence, between Irish separatists and the British government, ended after 2 years in 1921. A truce was declared and a treaty was being negotiated. The idea of independence from the UK was after a massacre occurred in Ireland as retaliation to the fall of the British Secret Service in Ireland. Attacks like this turned the Irish against the English and therefore independence was asked for. However instead of creating an independent republic, Ireland had to sign an oath which would only give it the opportunity of freedom to be a self-governing authority within the British Empire with the British monarch as head of state. However at the same time, the treaty that was offered to the Irish also gave opportunity to countries in Ireland to give back its control to the UK within the following month after the treaty was agreed upon. In the end the treaty provided a self-directed Irish state, only in 26 of the 32 countries part of Ireland. Even though, originally, the treaty was greatly appreciated throughout Ireland, it created a split in opinion of government. The countries in the northern region of Ireland didnt agree to the Partition of Ireland from the UK and so with this the Home Rule and the Government of Ireland Act of 1920 were passed. These gave Ireland two different parliaments, each with its own Prime Minister. One was given for the Unionists and the other for the Nationalists. The citizens of six northern countries under the leader of the unionist group voted as part of a referendum for the creation of a Northern Ireland in May 1921. The Northern Ireland was run under a Prime Minister which followed the Unionist belief. The British always expected that the northern region of Ireland would comply with the party of the treaty which gave power and authority back to the British. However the expectancy grew even more certain when Sir James Craig, the PM of Northern Ireland announced during October 1922 that we will have to make the choice either to vote out or remain within the Free State hence showing that he was not with southern Ireland. He later then said that as soon as Northern Ireland is given the opportunity to make a decision it is important that it is made instantly, so to show the world that any decision made came with no hesitation. Eventually, in a written agreement with Britain, Northern Ireland gave back any agreement which they acquired in the treaty and was under the ruling authority of the UK. Afterwards the UK was renamed to The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to reflect the new ruling. Thus the separation in state due to the treaty was yet the beginning of the civ il war between Northern and Southern Ireland. As a part of the treaty, Ireland was given the right to its own army. At first when the British government was ruling Ireland, the IRA was but a rebellious guerrilla force that was dedicated to the establishment of Irish as a republic. The IRA -Irish Republican Army was the army that fought against the British in the war of independence. However afterwards, the war split the army into two; those that continued their support for the treaty, who then became the first official Irish army, and those that were anti-treaty, those that wanted complete freedom. Due to outrage from some citizens about the fact that the treaty was signed, which to them seemed treacherous; rebellious protest and conflicts arose. In April 1922, the anti-treaty IRA seized control of the Dublin Four-Courts and other key buildings. Gaining some control over what occurred in Ireland. However the actions and rulings that the anti-treaty IRA had produced were seen as unacceptable. At times the government tried to mediate with the IRA to make an agreement on some level rather than having unnecessary tension. However after the IRA made no budge, it then led to the government becoming impatient with dealing with the situation as the power was unbalanced. This then led to the command that the now official Irish Army Pro-treaty IRA was to then bomb the Four-Courts. This succeeding in the sense that it got what the government wanted, which was the IRA out of Dublin. The bombing led to however the aggression and battle of the Irish Civil war. Not only were there disagreements in military, but also voting and opinions of the citizens became a major impact on the governments actions. In Northern Ireland people were starting to become more and more with the treaty, as evident in votes. Yet another example of how the disagreement of the treaty impacted the occurrence of the Irish Civil war. Eventually, the disagreements and battle became a topic of religion. The Irish army on numerous counts attacked Northern Ireland when crossing the military border. They mainly attacked Protestants in the area, thinking they were main people who were against the treaty. Eventually the Protestants in Northern Ireland turned towards the Catholics thinking they were the ones to blame, as to why the IRA had started attacking them in Northern Ireland and started to abolish them from their homes and started to take over their land. As a result the Protestants began to attack the Catholics in the area. This was done so with a great rise in violence and rioting. Even though the violence from the IRA began to decrease with the dawning of the war, the revenge on the Catholics became serious. Because of disagreements about the treaty of Ireland as a free state, and military response and revenge, the Protestants began to then use military attacks on the Catholics killing 257 of them between July 1920 and July 1922. About 11,000 Catholics were forced to leave their jobs in factories due to attacks from Protestant colleagues. The government of Northern Ireland attempted to restore order by trying to set up a police force which was dedicated to making harmony between the Protestants and the Catholics, however this only yet intensified the violence rather than maintaining any form of order. Eventually the police were given the power to imprison people who they thought to be at fault without the need for a trial, due to the special powers act of 1922 and the offences against the state act of 1924. The establishment of Ireland as a free state from Britain had a great impact on the cause of the civil war. Due to dispute and unsettled disagreements, anyone that had an opinion on whether or not the situation at hand should be carried out to allow Ireland to become free or to keep it under British rule, voiced it for whatever consequence. From the beginning of the treaty, there was always a dispute as to whether the independence was one on a national agreement, since from the very start it was believed to be certain that the entire nation wouldnt agree upon the partition. It led to the separation of Ireland into two states. Two states with different opinions and directions in mind for what would happen with Ireland, and what results should be acquired from agreements with Britain and the UK. This led to radicals and desperate matters where the military and rebellious groups did what they thought was necessary to make sure that even though it would lead to other reasons of argument, it will ensure that everyone had an equal voiced opinion. Ireland desired to became a free state, however even though part of it had its own rule, and others received what they wanted as to be under British rule, the misunderstanding and unfortunate events, such as guerrilla attacks and religious attacks, turned the wish to fulfil the establishment of a free state into a battle which didnt allow much freedom within the nation. It turned into a battle between government, military forces, and religion. So the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Irish state vs. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was a great impact in influencing the cause of the Irish Civil war.

Timken

The Timken Company Top management of Timken hires you as consultants to perform an independent analysis and recommend the best, in your opinion, course of action in the proposed acquisition of the Torrington Company. Your task is to write a report that will address their questions and concerns, in particular: 1. 2. 3. 4. How does Torrington fit with the Timken Company? What are the expected synergies? What is your stand alone valuation of Torrington? What is your with-synergies valuation of Torrington? Should Timken be concerned about losing its investment-grade rating? How do Timken’s financial ratios compare with those of other industrial firms in 2002? How would those ratios change if Timken financed the acquisition with debt? 5. What is the price Ingersoll-Rand is likely to accept? Is Ingersoll-Rand likely to want a cash deal or a stock-for-stock deal? 6. 7. Should Timken go forward with the acquisition at all? If Timken decides to go forward with the acquisition, how should they structure the deal in terms of the price offered and the method of payment? What is the recommended bidding and negotiation strategy? Draw on as many arguments, methods and approaches as possible. Clearly explain all assumptions or judgements you make. Where applicable, refer to relevant theoretical concepts. Please note that even though this is a real business case, it is the quality of your analysis that will be marked, not how well your analysis and recommendation fit the actual subsequent developments.

Conccussions

Informative speech on Concussions Intro Imagine your head pounding and you don’t know where you are, your eyes are dilated and you can’t remember how or what happened. All of a sudden you’re getting help being carried off by people you can’t recognize. You get to the sideline and they start asking you multiple questions, who are we playing? What’s the score? And you stumble to answer these questions and get them wrong. Then they make you take a seat on the bench and say your done playing and inform you that you have received a concussion. 1st body- what concussions are, causesFirst I would like to discuss what concussions actually are. According to Web MD, a concussion is a type of brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull. By definition, a concussion is not a life threatening injury but it can cause both short term and long term problems. There most likely arenâ€℠¢t any visible signs of a brain injury when a concussion occurs. Even though it is a minor traumatic brain injury, they are still very serious. It can affect how your brain works for a while.A concussion can result from a fall, sports activities, and even a car accident. Your brain is a soft organ that is surrounded by spinal fluid and protected by your hard skull. The fluid around your brain acts like a cushion that keeps your brain from banging against your skull. If your head or body is hit hard enough though, your brain can collide with your skull and be injured. There are many ways to receiving a concussion; they aren’t just involved with sports. Today there are three different types of grades you can receive for a concussion. A grade 3 concussion is the worst one you can get.According to Center for Disease and prevention, recent data shows that, on average, approximately 1. 7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury annually. 2nd body-symptoms Now that we have a clear understanding of what a concussion is, let me share some of the symptoms with you. Symptoms of a concussion can range from mild to severe and can last for hours, days, weeks, or even months. E medicine health states some very important concussion symptoms and they are loss of consciousness after any trauma to the head, confusion, headache, nausea or vomiting, or even blurred vision.All of these may not occur when you sustain a concussion though; you could only get one or two of them. You don’t have to pass out to have a concussion either, that’s why they are always difficult to tell if someone has one. There are four main categories that concussion can fit into and they are thinking and remembering, physical, emotional and mood, and sleep. All four of these areas have different symptoms for each of them. 3rd body-treatments/my experience with them/prevention Now that I have discussed symptoms of concussions, let me explain the treatments and preventions.According to MayoClinic rest is the best way to allow your brain to recover from a concussion. Any person who may have had a concussion needs to see a doctor. If a doctor thinks you have a concussion, he or she will ask you multiple questions about the injury. These questions will test your ability to pay attention and your learning and memory. A person who might have a concussion needs to immediately stop any kind of activity or sport. Being active again too soon increases the person’s risk of having a more serious brain injury.It is very important to allow yourself time to get better and to slowly return to your regular activities. Conclusion In conclusion, we have discussed what concussions are, its symptoms, and treatments. Concussions can be prevented in some situations, but not all of them. So the next time you receive a headache from hitting your head, the best thing you can do is call your doctor. Concussions are not something you want to mess with, they are a very serious mat ter and you want to get them treated right away. Thank you. Works cited Webmd. com Emedicinehealth. com Mayoclinic. com Cdc. com

Bullying And Its Effects On Society Essay - 1687 Words

According to the National Education Association, more than 160,000 children miss school every day out of fear of being bullied. Bullying is a behavior that hurts, harms, or humiliates a student, either physically or emotionally, and it recently happens while at school, in a community, or online. Those people that have encountered bullying often experience arduous phases due to all mistreatment they been involved in. For instance, bullying occurs in many different ways and affects plenty of characteristics in a all around portion such as; mental issues, health conditions, the features affected by bullying, and the problems caused by bullying. Furthermore, bullying has become one of the most recognized headlines in the world and has as well as shocked many people, due to all bullying that has occurred in a person s everyday life. Thus, bullying is an exceptional situation that without attention, can cause a widespread variety of consequences. Bullying can appear in many ways and can cause plenty of complications such as; mental issues. This phase that develops in a victim s mind can cause him to become depressed, have anxiety problems, sleeping difficulties, and it can eventually lead to suicidal thoughts. In fact, a person that has experienced depression tend to withdraw their outside world and be in isolation, away from their love ones and everyone else that cares about him. For example, depression enables victims that have witnessed bullying to interact in a fullShow MoreRelatedBullying And Its Effect On Society1060 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is bullying? Google’s online dictionary defines bullying as using superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Many define bullying as physically, mentally, emotionally, and psychologically degrading another living being. Bullying has become a growing issue around the world. 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These websites and foundations areRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society2270 Words   |  10 PagesBullying is arguably one of the most common vices in our contemporary society that affec ts individuals across different settings in the society. Most people associate bullying with schools and teenagers, but the practice cuts across almost all institutions in the modern-day American society. People get bullied at workplaces and even in public institutions when seeking for public services. Bullying entails the use of perceived superior power by an individual to intimidate, threaten, or harm anotherRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society Essay2475 Words   |  10 PagesIt seems bullying has existed since the beginning of humanity. As we saw in the video during class, Competitiveness was first to arise before cooperation. The dynamics of bullying however are ever-changing and pose an even larger threat to society than ever before. From elementary school to high school, even in college and beyond. The various environments, the internet, work place and even at home. The variables of bullying have changed so dramatically over a considerably short passage of time,Read M oreBullying And Its Effects On Society1932 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Bullying, a social issue that has been most associated with adolescent aggressive behavior from one to another, has expanded from the realms of the school halls to the Internet. But as laws have been passed and legislation enacted, are these adolescent populations still vulnerable? This paper describes the definition of bullying, power imbalance or struggle, public reaction, policies, public laws or administration rules, implementation of social welfare programs, actual impact, legislative